Cholesterol Control Formula Study - Final Statistical Report
June 28, 2006
Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Ph.D., Ronald W. Mendel, Ph.D., and Jennifer E. Hofheins, M.S., R.D. Cholesterol-lowering effects of a Cholesterol Control Formula (CCF). Ohio Research Group. Wadsworth, Ohio 44281, USA. tim@ohioresearchgroup.com
Objective:
The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to determine the effect of supplementation with a proprietary cholesterol-lowering formula (CCF) on changes in lipid profiles.
Methods:
After giving informed consent and being cleared for participation by passing a screening physical, 30 men and women (mean ± SD age, weight, total cholesterol: 39.6 ± 5.8 y, 84.49 ± 16.2 kg, 226 ± 31 mg/dl) were matched according to gender and then randomly assigned to receive either CCF or a placebo (P). Following baseline testing, all groups underwent eight weeks of daily supplementation per recommendation by the manufacturer. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, and after 4-weeks (day 28) and 8-weeks (day 56) of supplementation. Subjects were required to maintain their normal dietary and exercise patterns during the study. Data were analyzed via two-way, repeated measures ANOVA and (where necessary) Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests. Statistical significance was accepted at p=0.05.
Results:
Total cholesterol decreased in LS from pre to mid (-8.8%; 234.1 ± 34.1 [baseline] to 215.2 ± 35.0 mg/dl [day 28], p<0.0009) and pre to post (-17.3%; 234.1 ± 34.1 [baseline] to 199.6 ± 34.9 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.0001), whereas cholesterol increased from pre to post in P (+6.9%; 218.4 ± 26.4 [baseline] to 234.6 ± 26.8 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.004). LDL-cholesterol decreased from pre to mid (-13.5%; 145.7 ± 29.3 [baseline] to 126.1 ± 28.6 mg/dl [day 28], p<0.001) and pre to post (-16.9%; 145.7 ± 29.3 [baseline] to 121.1 ± 31.1 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.0002) in LS, whereas no changes were noted in P. VLDL-cholesterol tended to decrease in LS from pre to post (-23.6%; 33.9 ± 14.5 [baseline] to 25.9 ± 12.6 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.065). Triacylglycerol (TAG) decreased in LS from pre to post testing (-46.9%; 169.5 ± 72.1 [baseline] to 115.3 ± 42.4 mg/dl [day 56], p<0.009), whereas no changes were noted in P. No changes in HDL-cholesterol, glucose, BUN, creatinine, BUN:creatinine ratio, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase were noted in either group.
Conclusions:
Within the framework of the current experimental design, these preliminary data indicate that eight weeks of CCF ingestion significantly decreases and improves several aspects of blood lipids (e.g., total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) in otherwise healthy, hypercholesterolemic subjects. Based on the lack of changes in standard clinical markers of hepato-renal function, the safety profile of CCF appears to be acceptable, at least during eight weeks of continuous use. Future research is warranted to confirm and refine these results in a larger sample size, as well as determine the mechanisms responsible for the noted improvements.
None of the authors have any conflict of interest.
Descriptive Statistics - Placebo (group X)
|
|
Valid N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Variance |
SD |
SE |
|
Age |
15 |
40.4000 |
31.0000 |
49.0000 |
25.686 |
5.06811 |
1.30858 |
|
Ht |
15 |
66.1333 |
59.0000 |
76.0000 |
19.588 |
4.42584 |
1.14275 |
|
Wt (pre) |
15 |
83.4600 |
56.8000 |
101.1000 |
164.145 |
12.81193 |
3.30802 |
|
Wt (mid) |
15 |
83.5867 |
57.1000 |
103.1000 |
174.040 |
13.19241 |
3.40627 |
|
Wt (post) |
15 |
83.5000 |
56.9000 |
102.8000 |
179.414 |
13.39456 |
3.45846 |
|
Systolic (pre) |
15 |
127.8000 |
102.0000 |
155.0000 |
225.314 |
15.01047 |
3.87569 |
|
Systolic (mid) |
15 |
127.3333 |
102.0000 |
154.0000 |
203.524 |
14.26618 |
3.68351 |
|
Systolic (post) |
15 |
129.4667 |
102.0000 |
159.0000 |
277.124 |
16.64704 |
4.29825 |
|
Diastolic (pre) |
15 |
81.2000 |
60.0000 |
94.0000 |
119.029 |
10.91002 |
2.81696 |
|
Diastolic (mid) |
15 |
82.6000 |
65.0000 |
94.0000 |
86.971 |
9.32585 |
2.40792 |
|
Diastolic (post) |
15 |
80.4000 |
61.0000 |
96.0000 |
112.543 |
10.60862 |
2.73913 |
|
Total Chol (pre) |
15 |
218.4000 |
195.0000 |
301.0000 |
698.400 |
26.42726 |
6.82349 |
|
Total Chol (mid) |
15 |
220.9333 |
181.0000 |
296.0000 |
886.924 |
29.78127 |
7.68949 |
|
Total Chol (post) |
15 |
234.6000 |
192.0000 |
296.0000 |
716.686 |
26.77099 |
6.91224 |
|
TAG (pre) |
15 |
127.0667 |
52.0000 |
234.0000 |
2878.067 |
53.64762 |
13.85175 |
|
TAG (mid) |
15 |
120.6000 |
57.0000 |
205.0000 |
2152.686 |
46.39704 |
11.97967 |
|
TAG (post) |
15 |
147.9333 |
67.0000 |
332.0000 |
6068.352 |
77.89963 |
20.11360 |
|
HDL (pre) |
15 |
53.0667 |
41.0000 |
77.0000 |
85.067 |
9.22316 |
2.38141 |
|
HDL (mid) |
15 |
56.3333 |
35.0000 |
105.0000 |
241.095 |
15.52724 |
4.00912 |
|
HDL (post) |
15 |
56.4667 |
35.0000 |
105.0000 |
248.410 |
15.76101 |
4.06948 |
|
VLDL (pre) |
15 |
25.3333 |
10.0000 |
47.0000 |
118.238 |
10.87373 |
2.80759 |
|
VLDL (mid) |
15 |
24.0000 |
11.0000 |
41.0000 |
85.143 |
9.22729 |
2.38248 |
|
VLDL (post) |
15 |
27.8667 |
13.0000 |
66.0000 |
238.410 |
15.44052 |
3.98672 |
|
LDL (pre) |
15 |
131.2000 |
36.0000 |
194.0000 |
1012.029 |
31.81240 |
8.21393 |
|
LDL (mid) |
15 |
131.6667 |
37.0000 |
199.0000 |
1054.952 |
32.48003 |
8.38631 |
|
LDL (post) |
15 |
141.2000 |
37.0000 |
199.0000 |
1444.600 |
38.00789 |
9.81360 |
|
Glucose (pre) |
15 |
92.7333 |
83.0000 |
108.0000 |
42.924 |
6.55163 |
1.69162 |
|
Glucose (mid) |
15 |
92.1333 |
80.0000 |
105.0000 |
60.267 |
7.76316 |
2.00444 |
|
Glucose (post) |
15 |
92.4667 |
78.0000 |
116.0000 |
105.552 |
10.27387 |
2.65270 |
|
BUN (pre) |
15 |
14.1333 |
9.0000 |
22.0000 |
21.838 |
4.67312 |
1.20660 |
|
BUN (mid) |
15 |
15.0667 |
9.0000 |
25.0000 |
22.067 |
4.69752 |
1.21289 |
|
BUN (post) |
15 |
16.2000 |
10.0000 |
30.0000 |
33.314 |
5.77185 |
1.49029 |
|
Creatinine (pre) |
15 |
0.9733 |
0.7000 |
1.6000 |
0.068 |
0.26040 |
0.06724 |
|
Creatinine (mid) |
15 |
0.9467 |
0.7000 |
1.5000 |
0.057 |
0.23865 |
0.06162 |
|
Creatinine (post) |
15 |
0.9467 |
0.7000 |
1.4000 |
0.038 |
0.19591 |
0.05058 |
|
B/C ratio (Pre) |
15 |
14.5333 |
11.0000 |
20.0000 |
6.267 |
2.50333 |
0.64636 |
|
B/C ratio (Mid) |
15 |
16.3333 |
12.0000 |
23.0000 |
13.381 |
3.65800 |
0.94449 |
|
B/C ratio (Post) |
15 |
17.0000 |
12.0000 |
23.0000 |
11.571 |
3.40168 |
0.87831 |
|
Bilirubin (pre) |
15 |
0.4467 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.028 |
0.16847 |
0.04350 |
|
Bilirubin (mid) |
15 |
0.4533 |
0.2000 |
0.9000 |
0.041 |
0.20307 |
0.05243 |
|
Bilirubin (post) |
15 |
0.5600 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.041 |
0.20284 |
0.05237 |
|
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
15 |
69.0667 |
44.0000 |
88.0000 |
183.638 |
13.55131 |
3.49893 |
|
Alkaline Phos (mid) |
15 |
70.0000 |
50.0000 |
92.0000 |
181.714 |
13.48014 |
3.48056 |
|
Alkaline Phos (post) |
15 |
68.0000 |
44.0000 |
89.0000 |
182.429 |
13.50661 |
3.48739 |
|
AST (Pre) |
15 |
26.8667 |
12.0000 |
50.0000 |
117.267 |
10.82897 |
2.79603 |
|
AST (mid) |
15 |
27.2667 |
13.0000 |
54.0000 |
116.638 |
10.79991 |
2.78853 |
|
AST (Post) |
15 |
25.0667 |
16.0000 |
37.0000 |
35.352 |
5.94579 |
1.53520 |
|
ALT (Pre) |
15 |
24.4667 |
11.0000 |
38.0000 |
83.552 |
9.14070 |
2.36012 |
|
ALT (mid) |
15 |
24.3333 |
13.0000 |
40.0000 |
100.381 |
10.01903 |
2.58690 |
|
ALT (Post) |
15 |
23.1333 |
10.0000 |
42.0000 |
77.124 |
8.78202 |
2.26751 |
Descriptive Statistics - CCF (group Y)
|
|
Valid N |
Mean |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Variance |
SD |
SE |
|
Age |
15 |
38.8667 |
29.0000 |
48.0000 |
43.838 |
6.62103 |
1.70954 |
|
Ht |
15 |
66.7000 |
62.0000 |
74.0000 |
13.850 |
3.72156 |
0.96090 |
|
Wt (pre) |
15 |
85.5200 |
59.7000 |
136.4000 |
374.653 |
19.35596 |
4.99769 |
|
Wt (mid) |
15 |
85.3267 |
59.9000 |
137.0000 |
378.806 |
19.46295 |
5.02531 |
|
Wt (post) |
15 |
85.0933 |
60.3000 |
137.1000 |
381.144 |
19.52290 |
5.04079 |
|
Systolic (pre) |
15 |
134.2000 |
110.0000 |
159.0000 |
173.171 |
13.15946 |
3.39776 |
|
Systolic (mid) |
15 |
130.8000 |
104.0000 |
151.0000 |
158.029 |
12.57094 |
3.24580 |
|
Systolic (post) |
15 |
129.8000 |
103.0000 |
156.0000 |
199.314 |
14.11787 |
3.64522 |
|
Diastolic (pre) |
15 |
82.2667 |
72.0000 |
93.0000 |
47.638 |
6.90204 |
1.78210 |
|
Diastolic (mid) |
15 |
80.8000 |
70.0000 |
93.0000 |
52.886 |
7.27226 |
1.87769 |
|
Diastolic (post) |
15 |
79.0667 |
68.0000 |
89.0000 |
46.638 |
6.82921 |
1.76329 |
|
Total Chol (pre) |
15 |
234.0667 |
198.0000 |
296.0000 |
1160.638 |
34.06814 |
8.79636 |
|
Total Chol (mid) |
15 |
215.2000 |
174.0000 |
308.0000 |
1225.600 |
35.00857 |
9.03917 |
|
Total Chol (post) |
15 |
199.6000 |
156.0000 |
289.0000 |
1222.400 |
34.96284 |
9.02737 |
|
TAG (pre) |
15 |
169.4667 |
62.0000 |
308.0000 |
5192.838 |
72.06135 |
18.60616 |
|
TAG (mid) |
15 |
157.0000 |
68.0000 |
326.0000 |
5830.286 |
76.35631 |
19.71511 |
|
TAG (post) |
15 |
115.2667 |
73.0000 |
212.0000 |
1795.352 |
42.37160 |
10.94030 |
|
HDL (pre) |
15 |
54.4000 |
35.0000 |
76.0000 |
200.686 |
14.16636 |
3.65774 |
|
HDL (mid) |
15 |
54.8000 |
37.0000 |
77.0000 |
173.743 |
13.18116 |
3.40336 |
|
HDL (post) |
15 |
52.6000 |
26.0000 |
77.0000 |
193.543 |
13.91197 |
3.59205 |
|
VLDL (pre) |
15 |
33.9333 |
12.0000 |
62.0000 |
210.924 |
14.52322 |
3.74988 |
|
VLDL (mid) |
15 |
34.2667 |
14.0000 |
74.0000 |
349.067 |
18.68333 |
4.82401 |
|
VLDL (post) |
15 |
25.9333 |
15.0000 |
58.0000 |
159.210 |
12.61783 |
3.25791 |
|
LDL (pre) |
15 |
145.7333 |
101.0000 |
198.0000 |
860.495 |
29.33420 |
7.57406 |
|
LDL (mid) |
15 |
126.1333 |
100.0000 |
207.0000 |
819.695 |
28.63032 |
7.39232 |
|
LDL (post) |
15 |
121.0667 |
89.0000 |
198.0000 |
967.067 |
31.09770 |
8.02939 |
|
Glucose (pre) |
15 |
92.6667 |
78.0000 |
111.0000 |
104.381 |
10.21670 |
2.63794 |
|
Glucose (mid) |
15 |
91.0000 |
81.0000 |
101.0000 |
44.000 |
6.63325 |
1.71270 |
|
Glucose (post) |
15 |
90.4000 |
74.0000 |
117.0000 |
85.543 |
9.24894 |
2.38807 |
|
BUN (pre) |
15 |
13.4000 |
6.0000 |
27.0000 |
24.829 |
4.98283 |
1.28656 |
|
BUN (mid) |
15 |
14.4667 |
9.0000 |
25.0000 |
23.838 |
4.88243 |
1.26064 |
|
BUN (post) |
15 |
13.6000 |
8.0000 |
23.0000 |
16.971 |
4.11964 |
1.06369 |
|
Creatinine (pre) |
15 |
1.0000 |
0.6000 |
2.6000 |
0.211 |
0.45981 |
0.11872 |
|
Creatinine (mid) |
15 |
0.9067 |
0.7000 |
1.2000 |
0.021 |
0.14376 |
0.03712 |
|
Creatinine (post) |
15 |
0.9200 |
0.7000 |
1.3000 |
0.027 |
0.16562 |
0.04276 |
|
B/C ratio (Pre) |
15 |
14.6667 |
6.0000 |
30.0000 |
40.524 |
6.36583 |
1.64365 |
|
B/C ratio (Mid) |
15 |
15.8667 |
9.0000 |
25.0000 |
20.981 |
4.58050 |
1.18268 |
|
B/C ratio (Post) |
15 |
14.8000 |
10.0000 |
25.0000 |
17.029 |
4.12657 |
1.06548 |
|
Bilirubin (pre) |
15 |
0.4533 |
0.3000 |
0.8000 |
0.037 |
0.19223 |
0.04963 |
|
Bilirubin (mid) |
15 |
0.4467 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.030 |
0.17265 |
0.04458 |
|
Bilirubin (post) |
15 |
0.4133 |
0.2000 |
0.8000 |
0.040 |
0.19952 |
0.05152 |
|
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
15 |
71.6000 |
42.0000 |
93.0000 |
202.257 |
14.22171 |
3.67203 |
|
Alkaline Phos (mid) |
15 |
70.0667 |
42.0000 |
96.0000 |
278.210 |
16.67961 |
4.30666 |
|
Alkaline Phos (post) |
15 |
69.8667 |
45.0000 |
96.0000 |
189.981 |
13.78336 |
3.55885 |
|
AST (Pre) |
15 |
23.4000 |
16.0000 |
42.0000 |
52.971 |
7.27815 |
1.87921 |
|
AST (mid) |
15 |
22.6000 |
13.0000 |
34.0000 |
24.114 |
4.91063 |
1.26792 |
|
AST (Post) |
15 |
21.3333 |
9.0000 |
33.0000 |
37.952 |
6.16055 |
1.59065 |
|
ALT (Pre) |
15 |
25.2000 |
11.0000 |
59.0000 |
192.314 |
13.86774 |
3.58064 |
|
ALT (mid) |
15 |
23.4000 |
9.0000 |
39.0000 |
51.829 |
7.19921 |
1.85883 |
|
ALT (Post) |
15 |
20.2000 |
7.0000 |
39.0000 |
87.029 |
9.32891 |
2.40871 |
Inferential Statistics
Independent t-tests were used to test for between group differences at baseline (none were found, although trends were noted for TAG and VLDL).
|
|
Mean X |
Mean Y |
t-value |
df |
p |
|
Wt (pre) |
83.4600 |
85.5200 |
-0.34372 |
28 |
0.733628 |
|
Systolic (pre) |
127.8000 |
134.2000 |
-1.24171 |
28 |
0.224646 |
|
Diastolic (pre) |
81.2000 |
82.2667 |
-0.32000 |
28 |
0.751344 |
|
Total Chol (pre) |
218.4000 |
234.0667 |
-1.40727 |
28 |
0.170351 |
|
TAG (pre) |
127.0667 |
169.4667 |
-1.82789 |
28 |
0.078240 |
|
HDL (pre) |
53.0667 |
54.4000 |
-0.30548 |
28 |
0.762257 |
|
VLDL (pre) |
25.3333 |
33.9333 |
-1.83586 |
28 |
0.077020 |
|
LDL (pre) |
131.2000 |
145.7333 |
-1.30076 |
28 |
0.203945 |
|
Glucose (pre) |
92.7333 |
92.6667 |
0.02127 |
28 |
0.983178 |
|
BUN (pre) |
14.1333 |
13.4000 |
0.41576 |
28 |
0.680754 |
|
Creatinine (pre) |
0.9733 |
1.0000 |
-0.19545 |
28 |
0.846455 |
|
B/C ratio (Pre) |
14.5333 |
14.6667 |
-0.07549 |
28 |
0.940359 |
|
Bilirubin (pre) |
0.4467 |
0.4533 |
-0.10102 |
28 |
0.920258 |
|
Alkaline Phos (pre) |
69.0667 |
71.6000 |
-0.49946 |
28 |
0.621355 |
|
AST (Pre) |
26.8667 |
23.4000 |
1.02903 |
28 |
0.312272 |
|
ALT (Pre) |
24.4667 |
25.2000 |
-0.17100 |
28 |
0.865453 |
A series of 3-way ANOVAs (group x gender x time) were run to determine if any gender effects were present in the data. No 3-way interactions were found, thus the remaining analyses are 2-way (group x time) ANOVAs. When a significant interaction was found, Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests were used as a discriminatory follow-up.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (body weight).
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (CCF Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 985.11, df = 34.938 |
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x |
Total Chol (pre) |
|
0.585254 |
0.004898 |
0.684451 |
0.781854 |
0.242638 |
|
2 |
x |
Total Chol (mid) |
0.585254 |
|
0.012359 |
0.259711 |
0.949934 |
0.263032 |
|
3 |
x |
Total Chol (post) |
0.004898 |
0.012359 |
|
0.963256 |
0.451453 |
0.442212 |
|
4 |
y |
Total Chol (pre) |
0.684451 |
0.259711 |
0.963256 |
|
0.000909 |
0.000129 |
|
5 |
y |
Total Chol (mid) |
0.781854 |
0.949934 |
0.451453 |
0.000909 |
|
0.001440 |
|
6 |
y |
Total Chol (post) |
0.242638 |
0.263032 |
0.442212 |
0.000129 |
0.001440 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (CCF) had significant decreases in their total cholesterol from pre to mid, and pre to post testing. Also, subjects in group X (placebo) had a significant increase in their total cholesterol from pre to post testing.
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (CCF Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 3986.3, df = 51.208 |
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x |
TAG (pre) |
|
0.672083 |
0.175120 |
0.595415 |
0.402674 |
0.866007 |
|
2 |
x |
TAG (mid) |
0.672083 |
|
0.179199 |
0.227752 |
0.703590 |
0.818092 |
|
3 |
x |
TAG (post) |
0.175120 |
0.179199 |
|
0.621562 |
0.695881 |
0.767181 |
|
4 |
y |
TAG (pre) |
0.595415 |
0.227752 |
0.621562 |
|
0.415446 |
0.009372 |
|
5 |
y |
TAG (mid) |
0.402674 |
0.703590 |
0.695881 |
0.415446 |
|
0.059599 |
|
6 |
y |
TAG (post) |
0.866007 |
0.818092 |
0.767181 |
0.009372 |
0.059599 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (CCF) had significant decreases in their triglycerides (TAG) from pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (HDL).
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (CCF Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 193.50, df = 53.921 |
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x |
VLDL (pre) |
|
0.703933 |
0.749213 |
0.643785 |
0.407951 |
0.906513 |
|
2 |
x |
VLDL (mid) |
0.703933 |
|
0.686108 |
0.301523 |
0.721157 |
0.923440 |
|
3 |
x |
VLDL (post) |
0.749213 |
0.686108 |
|
0.237640 |
0.423832 |
0.792733 |
|
4 |
y |
VLDL (pre) |
0.643785 |
0.301523 |
0.237640 |
|
0.924334 |
0.065164 |
|
5 |
y |
VLDL (mid) |
0.407951 |
0.721157 |
0.423832 |
0.924334 |
|
0.091156 |
|
6 |
y |
VLDL (post) |
0.906513 |
0.923440 |
0.792733 |
0.065164 |
0.091156 |
|
Interpretation:
Although the p-value for the ANOVA was significant (p<0.03 - see top of graph), post-hoc testing only revealed a trend (p<0.065) for a decrease in VLDL in group Y (CCF) from pre to post testing.
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (CCF Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = 1026.5, df = 34.995 |
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x |
LDL (pre) |
|
0.921812 |
0.095879 |
0.871792 |
0.667730 |
0.664940 |
|
2 |
x |
LDL (mid) |
0.921812 |
|
0.048596 |
0.459782 |
0.955086 |
0.801767 |
|
3 |
x |
LDL (post) |
0.095879 |
0.048596 |
|
0.700863 |
0.576661 |
0.828712 |
|
4 |
y |
LDL (pre) |
0.871792 |
0.459782 |
0.700863 |
|
0.001167 |
0.000169 |
|
5 |
y |
LDL (mid) |
0.667730 |
0.955086 |
0.576661 |
0.001167 |
|
0.288464 |
|
6 |
y |
LDL (post) |
0.664940 |
0.801767 |
0.828712 |
0.000169 |
0.288464 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group Y (CCF) had significant decreases in their LDL from pre to mid, and pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (glucose).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (B/C ratio).
|
Newman-Keuls test; variable DV_1 (CCF Final Data) Approximate Probabilities for Post Hoc Tests Error: Between; Within; Pooled MS = .03622, df = 46.646 |
|
|
Grp |
TIME |
{1} |
{2} |
{3} |
{4} |
{5} |
{6} |
|
1 |
x |
Bilirubin (pre) |
|
0.874882 |
0.045106 |
0.997832 |
1.000000 |
0.881303 |
|
2 |
x |
Bilirubin (mid) |
0.874882 |
|
0.037181 |
1.000000 |
0.997832 |
0.938974 |
|
3 |
x |
Bilirubin (post) |
0.045106 |
0.037181 |
|
0.131683 |
0.485943 |
0.725483 |
|
4 |
y |
Bilirubin (pre) |
0.997832 |
1.000000 |
0.131683 |
|
0.998637 |
0.876036 |
|
5 |
y |
Bilirubin (mid) |
1.000000 |
0.997832 |
0.485943 |
0.998637 |
|
0.432129 |
|
6 |
y |
Bilirubin (post) |
0.881303 |
0.938974 |
0.725483 |
0.876036 |
0.432129 |
|
Interpretation:
Subjects in group X (placebo) had significant increases in bilirubin from pre to post testing.
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (Alkaline Phos).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (AST).
Interpretation:
No significant differences between groups over time were noted for this variable (ALT).
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